The exchange of plants between colonies throughout the entire process of European colonial expansion since the 15th century, transplantation has become common of species especially plants with potential of the farm through extensive cultivation. In recent years, as a result of the accelerated process of narrowing the genetic base of agricultural crops, caused in part by the replacement of local species and/or varieties by improved varieties, has led researchers in the areas of agronomy, botany, genetics, among others, to seek and rescue the intraspecific and interspecific diversity of threatened species, including by consulting documentary sources. The general objective of this collection is to bring together ethnobotanical research based on documentary analysis of rare works produced by travelers, missionaries, and naturalists during the European colonial expansion.