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Trichoderma Bio-inoculant Promotes the Growth and Yield of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L): An Open Field Trial
Lanvin Rochal Kepngop Kouokap,
Pierre Eke,
Vanessa Nya Dinango,
Diane Youmbi Yimta,
Pierre Gilbert Ghomsi Tamghe,
Germain Kansci,
Louise Nana Wakam
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
41-49
Received:
27 December 2022
Accepted:
20 January 2023
Published:
29 May 2023
Abstract: Trichoderma is a ubiquitous fungal genus widely used in agriculture. Their ability to mininize fertiliser dosage, pesticide rationing, and increase crops yield have offered huge avenues for sustainable agriculture. Nonetheless, given the diversity of the world's agro-ecosystems, their widespread adoption has been restricted. This work aimed at investigating the impact of solid formulation of a consortium of two Trichoderma strains, T. atroviridae T2 and T. Harzianum T8, on the growth and yield of hot Pepper under open-field conditions. When compared to un-primed plants, Trichoderma-primed plants boosted Chla, Chlb, Chl (a+b) and Carotenoid by up to 122%, 11%, 113%, and 48%, respectively. Likewise, 108%, 220% and 76% more phosphorus, nitrogen and auxin were accumulated in Trichoderma inoculated tissues, leading to significant increases in almost all agro-morphological parameters, culminating at 23.5%, 54%, and 23.5%, respectively for production yield (PY), fruit diameter (FD), and Pepper fruits weight (PY) as compared to un-inoculated counterparts. There was no difference in specific activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), even though there were increases in phenolic (17%) and total proteins (15%). These findings suggest that Trichoderma fertilisation can redirected plant response depending of plant statue, which prioritised host fitness and associated biomolecules under our experimental settings with the absence/least-biotic stresses.
Abstract: Trichoderma is a ubiquitous fungal genus widely used in agriculture. Their ability to mininize fertiliser dosage, pesticide rationing, and increase crops yield have offered huge avenues for sustainable agriculture. Nonetheless, given the diversity of the world's agro-ecosystems, their widespread adoption has been restricted. This work aimed at inve...
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Effect of Harvesting Stage on Cowpea Leaf Nutrient Composition
Gitau Jane Wanjiku,
Gathungu Geofrey Kingori,
Kiramana James Kirimi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
50-59
Received:
14 May 2023
Accepted:
5 June 2023
Published:
20 June 2023
Abstract: Cowpea leaves are enjoyed as vegetables in many parts of Africa as they contain a lot of antioxidants, micronutrients and nutraceuticals whose deficiency is prevalent among people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea leaves undergo several physiological and metabolic changes during their maturity stages which may affect their nutritional content. However, farmers lack knowledge on the best cowpea harvesting stage. This research therefore aimed at obtaining information on the right harvesting stage that would enhance cowpea utilization by farmers. Cowpeas variety M66 was planted in RCBD and the treatments which were replicated thrice included harvesting at 21, 35 and 49 DAS. Data was collected on chlorophyll content, iron, calcium, crude fibre, beta carotene, protein and moisture content. The data was subjected for variance using Statistical Analysis System 9.2 edition and significantly different means separated using LSD at 5%. The harvesting stage significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced the chlorophyll content with 49 DAS recording the highest content at 51.39 nm followed by 35 DAS with 41.87 nm and the least at 21 DAS with 22. 05 nm. The moisture content decreased with the stage of harvest with highest moisture content being observed at 21 DAS and the least at 49 DAS in both trials. The iron content of cowpea leaves was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different at 49 DAS in both trials. The calcium content at 21 and 49 DAS in both trials was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different. The protein content was significant (p ≤ 0.05) in all the stages of harvesting with the highest protein content in both trials being recorded at 21 DAS and the least being recorded at 49 DAS in both. Crude fibre content increased with the stage of harvesting in both trials. This research highlights the essence of harvesting cowpea leaves at the correct harvest stage for increased nutrient utilization.
Abstract: Cowpea leaves are enjoyed as vegetables in many parts of Africa as they contain a lot of antioxidants, micronutrients and nutraceuticals whose deficiency is prevalent among people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea leaves undergo several physiological and metabolic changes during their maturity stages which may affect their nutritional content. However,...
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Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
60-67
Received:
12 May 2023
Accepted:
8 June 2023
Published:
27 June 2023
Abstract: Tef head smudge disease caused by Helmintosporium miyakei is among the widely distributed tef disease in Ethiopia. Currently, an evaluation of different fungicides for the control of tef head smudge and yield loss quantification is very crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective fungicide(s) for the control of head smudge disease and quantify yield loss caused by this pathogen in the country. The experiment was conducted at the Negelle Arsi on farmers’ field from the 2020 to 2021 short rainy seasons. The application of different fungicides created significantly different levels of severity of head smudge disease on tef varieties Boset and Tesfa. The two varieties are susceptible to head smudge and enabled the assessment of the effects of head smudge disease on tef grain yield, severity of the disease, and yield loss during the short rainy seasons. The analysis of variance revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides for tef yield but the highest grain yield was obtained through the application of Rex Duo (2431.2 kg ha-1). The fungicide efficacy of 77.1 and 60.9% were obtained through the application of Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides, respectively. The result revealed that the maximum yield loss of 55.8 and 50% was prevented through the application of the fungicides Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC, respectively. It is recommended that based on the availability in the market and cost of fungicide Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC the farmers can apply either Rex Duo or Nativo 300 SC in controlling head smudge disease of tef.
Abstract: Tef head smudge disease caused by Helmintosporium miyakei is among the widely distributed tef disease in Ethiopia. Currently, an evaluation of different fungicides for the control of tef head smudge and yield loss quantification is very crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective fungicide(s) for the control of head smudge disease an...
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Evaluating the Adaptability of Different Released Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in West Shewa, Ambo
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
68-72
Received:
25 May 2023
Accepted:
15 June 2023
Published:
27 June 2023
Abstract: Onion (Allium cepa) belongs to the family Liliaceae, an important group of crops worldwide. The production and productivity of onion in West Showa are constrained by different factors such as lack of adopted improved varieties, pest and disease attack and poor cultural practice. Thus, this study was initiated to test the best adaptable onion varieties and to increase production and productivity of onion. The objective of this study was therefore, to evaluate different onion varieties to give high yield and disease resistance in Ambo area. Five recently released onion varieties were used in the field experiment obtained from Melkasa Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was conducted at Ambo Agricultural Research Center on station in order to evaluate different released tomato varieties. It was laid out on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the varieties had significant (P<0.05) differences for some traits such as: leaf length, number of leaves and total yield weight at Ambo in first year 2017. Although in the second year all traits except number of leaves were showed a significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment. This was an indication that the responses of the varieties were different in each year in some traits. On the other hand, leaf length and total bulb weight were had similar response in both years. From the two years experiment the variety Nafis was the best adaptable and high yielding variety compared to the other varieties in yield parameter it gives around 32.5- and 40.7-ton h-1 in both year 2017 and 2018 G. C respectively at Ambo. The variety Bombey red also best performed next to Nafis in second year 2018 it gives 36.5-ton h-1.
Abstract: Onion (Allium cepa) belongs to the family Liliaceae, an important group of crops worldwide. The production and productivity of onion in West Showa are constrained by different factors such as lack of adopted improved varieties, pest and disease attack and poor cultural practice. Thus, this study was initiated to test the best adaptable onion variet...
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Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance to Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) in Selected Ethiopian Durum Wheat Landraces, Cultivars, and CIMMYT Advanced Lines
Ashenafi Gemechu Degete,
Gizachew Hirpa Regasa,
Habtamu Tesfaye Ayehu,
Shitaye Homa Megersa,
Kitesa Gutu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
73-81
Received:
20 May 2023
Accepted:
12 June 2023
Published:
27 June 2023
Abstract: Breeding wheat for stem rust resistance caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Pgt) is a priority work worldwide including Ethiopia. Most of the major stem rust resistance genes deployed in commercial durum wheat cultivars and breeding lines succumb to emerging races in Ethiopia. In this study, 156 durum wheat accessions consisted of cultivars, landraces and advanced lines were exposed to the three e stem rust races (TTTTF, TTRTF, and JRCQC) at the seedling and adult plant growth stages. The seedling test was conducted in the greenhouse while the field tests in a single race nursery at Debre Zeit at Debre Zeit research center during 2019 and 2020 seasons. An augmented design with three replicated checks in every 20 entries was used in the field experiments while the seedling test was carried out based on the standard procedures. Of the 156 entries; only 22 (14%) and 25 (16%) exhibited resistance at seedling and adult plant growth stages. Of the tested CIMMYT advanced lines, 89% of the lines were susceptible to the race TTTTF, while 11% of the lines were resistant to this race at seedling stage. Of the total tested entries, 16 and 11% were resistant to all the three races at seedling and field condition, respectively. Six accessions exhibited overall resistance (at seedling and adult plant growth stages), while seven entries (two cultivars, two landraces, and three CIMMYT advanced lines) showed susceptible reaction (high infection types) at seedling stage and low severity (resistance) under field conditions to the three races; these accessions possibly have adult plant resistance to stem rust. Further pre-breeding (and genotyping) research is recommended to identify and characterize the stem rust resistance genes in those wheat germplasm associated to overall and adult plant resistance.
Abstract: Breeding wheat for stem rust resistance caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Pgt) is a priority work worldwide including Ethiopia. Most of the major stem rust resistance genes deployed in commercial durum wheat cultivars and breeding lines succumb to emerging races in Ethiopia. In this study, 156 durum wheat accessions consisted of cultivars,...
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